RESPIRATION AND BREATHING:–
As we all know that we can not survive without oxygen and we take oxygen from our lungs this process is called respiration and breathing in the scientific term.
So let's understand these two important terms:-
BREATHING:
It is a process of inhalation and exhalation of gases.
RESPIRATION:
Respiration is defined as the process of biochemical oxidation of nutrients at the cellular level. It occurs in the presence of specific enzymes at optimum temperature in the cells to release energy for various metabometabolices.
It is a catabolic process in which exchanges of gases(viz oxygen and carbon dioxide)takes place between the body and outside environment. The process is a complete way can be written in the form of the equation as:
Food+Oxygen—Carbon dioxide+Water+Energy
The organic substances undergoing oxidative breakdown during respiration are called respiratory substrates,e.g.glucose.
The biochemical oxidation of nutrients takes place in different ways in different organisms. Some organisms use oxygen to breakdown glucose completely into carbon dioxide and water, while others do not require oxygen and carry it out in the absence of oxygen.
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN RESPIRATION AND BREATHING:
# In respiration there is the production of glucose which helps in making energy whereas In breathing there is no production of glucose.
TYPES OF RESPIRATION:
There were two types
of respiration are:
* AEROBIC:
Aerobic is the process in which a large amount of energy is realised in the presence of
oxygen(air) from the breakdown of
food substances.
It is this process starts in the cytoplasm and continues in the mitochmitochondriaaacell.
Water and carbon dioxide are produced as waste products.
The energy released during this process is used for all other life processes. The release of energy in aerobic process is much more than in the anaerobic process.
* ANAEROBIC:
Anaerobic is the respiratory process in which a small amount of energy is realised in the absence of oxygen (air) from the breakdown of food substances. It takes place in yeast, bacteria and in human muscles.
Anaerobic respiration is termed as fermentation in microorganisms. On the basis of the products formed it is categorised as:
(i) Alcoholic Fermentation-
An incomplete breakdown of sugar into ethanol and carbon dioxide to release energy is called alcoholic fermentation. This process occurs mainly in yeast, which is used to produce beer, wine, toddy, cheese etc. by brewing.
(ii) Lactic Acid Fermentation-
It is the process of the incomplete breakdown of sugar into lactic acid and energy in some bacteria,e.g.in yoghurt some bacteria cause milk to turn sour.
These bacteria feed on sugar and break it into lactic acid.
In human muscles, during vigorous physical exercise, glucose is metabolised to form lactic acid. The accumulation of lactic acid causes fatigue and muscle cramps after prolonged exercises.
It can be summarised as :
STAGES OF RESPIRATION...
Generally, respiration consists of the following two basic stages:
** External Respiration
(a) Breathing:
It is the process of taking (inhaling)the required gases.e.g.an aerobic organism such as human beings takes in oxygen(O2) and gives out carbon dioxide(CO2).
(b) Gaseous exchange:
It involves diffusion of O2 from lungs to blood and CO2 from blood to lungs. In plants, gaseous exchange takes place through stomata of the leaf with the environment.
** Internal Respiration
It refers to the gaseous exchange between arterial blood and the body cells.
HUMAN RESPIRATORY SYSTEM:
Like other animals, respiratory system in human beings serves to provide fresh oxygen to all body cells and removes harmful carbon dioxide from the body.
PARTS AND FUNCTION OF RESPIRATORY SYSTEM:-
NOSTRILS:
Air is taken into the body through nostrils. It is lined by fine hair and mucus which helps to filter the air entering through it.
NASAL PASSAGE:
Air entering the nostrils leads to the nasal passage. It is mainly responsible for conditioning the air.
PHARYNX:
The nasal chamber opens into the pharynx. It passes air to the larynx.
LARYNX:
It is located in the neck region and in front of the trachea. It also produces sound.
TRACHEA:
The air passes from the pharynx and goes into the trachea. Incomplete rings of cartilage keep trachea open allowing the passage of air to the lungs and also prevent it from collapsing when there is no air in it.
BRONCHI:
The trachea divides into two smaller tubes called bronchi after entering the thoracic cavity, which further extends into each lung.
BRONCHIOLES:
Bronchi are subdivided into smaller tubes called bronchioles. Each hole finally termimaterminatessny alveoli.
ALVEOLI:
These are ballon like structure located inside the lungs. A large number of alveoli increases the surface area for the exchange of gases. Human alveolar surface when spread can cover an area of 80m2.
RIBS:
These are 12 pairs of bones that form a cage in the thoracic region. Lungs and heart are safely placed in it. Movement of intercostal muscles attached to ribs helps in breathing.
LUNGS:
These are primary organs for respiration, which are located on the two sides of the heart. They transport O2 from the atmosphere enclosed by protective membranes called pleura.
DIAPHRAGM:
It is a muscular petition thorax and abdomen and fos those chest cavity. During inhalation, it flattens and increases chest cavity so that air is sucked into the lungs, while it relaxes during exhalation.
MECHANISM OF GASEOUS EXCHANGE IN HUMANS
Human beings take in oxygen from the atmosphere and release carbon dioxide in return(expiration). This complete process occurs in breathing. The mechanism for moving the oxygen and carbon dioxide out in human beings is termed as gaseous exchange.
It gets completed in three main steps as ...
1.. Inhalation
The process of taking in oxygen from the atmosphere.
2.. Exchange of Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide in alveoli
The walls of alveoli contain an extensive network of blood vessels. The sequence of exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide, which occurs between blood vessels and alveoli.
During the breathing cycle, when air is taken in and let out, the lungs always contain a residual volume of air. It provides sufficient time for oxygen to be absorbed and for carbon dioxide to be released.
3.. Exhalation
It is the process of giving out carbon dioxide from the lungs to the atmosphere.
Now I hope you understand both the term i.e respiration and breathing that how these both help to make our long life.
As we all know that we can not survive without oxygen and we take oxygen from our lungs this process is called respiration and breathing in the scientific term.
So let's understand these two important terms:-
BREATHING:
It is a process of inhalation and exhalation of gases.
RESPIRATION:
Respiration is defined as the process of biochemical oxidation of nutrients at the cellular level. It occurs in the presence of specific enzymes at optimum temperature in the cells to release energy for various metabometabolices.
It is a catabolic process in which exchanges of gases(viz oxygen and carbon dioxide)takes place between the body and outside environment. The process is a complete way can be written in the form of the equation as:
Food+Oxygen—Carbon dioxide+Water+Energy
The organic substances undergoing oxidative breakdown during respiration are called respiratory substrates,e.g.glucose.
The biochemical oxidation of nutrients takes place in different ways in different organisms. Some organisms use oxygen to breakdown glucose completely into carbon dioxide and water, while others do not require oxygen and carry it out in the absence of oxygen.
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN RESPIRATION AND BREATHING:
# In respiration there is the production of glucose which helps in making energy whereas In breathing there is no production of glucose.
TYPES OF RESPIRATION:
There were two types
of respiration are:
* AEROBIC:
Aerobic is the process in which a large amount of energy is realised in the presence of
oxygen(air) from the breakdown of
food substances.
Water and carbon dioxide are produced as waste products.
The energy released during this process is used for all other life processes. The release of energy in aerobic process is much more than in the anaerobic process.
* ANAEROBIC:
Anaerobic is the respiratory process in which a small amount of energy is realised in the absence of oxygen (air) from the breakdown of food substances. It takes place in yeast, bacteria and in human muscles.
Anaerobic respiration is termed as fermentation in microorganisms. On the basis of the products formed it is categorised as:
(i) Alcoholic Fermentation-
An incomplete breakdown of sugar into ethanol and carbon dioxide to release energy is called alcoholic fermentation. This process occurs mainly in yeast, which is used to produce beer, wine, toddy, cheese etc. by brewing.
(ii) Lactic Acid Fermentation-
It is the process of the incomplete breakdown of sugar into lactic acid and energy in some bacteria,e.g.in yoghurt some bacteria cause milk to turn sour.
These bacteria feed on sugar and break it into lactic acid.
In human muscles, during vigorous physical exercise, glucose is metabolised to form lactic acid. The accumulation of lactic acid causes fatigue and muscle cramps after prolonged exercises.
It can be summarised as :
STAGES OF RESPIRATION...
Generally, respiration consists of the following two basic stages:
** External Respiration
(a) Breathing:
It is the process of taking (inhaling)the required gases.e.g.an aerobic organism such as human beings takes in oxygen(O2) and gives out carbon dioxide(CO2).
(b) Gaseous exchange:
It involves diffusion of O2 from lungs to blood and CO2 from blood to lungs. In plants, gaseous exchange takes place through stomata of the leaf with the environment.
** Internal Respiration
It refers to the gaseous exchange between arterial blood and the body cells.
HUMAN RESPIRATORY SYSTEM:
Like other animals, respiratory system in human beings serves to provide fresh oxygen to all body cells and removes harmful carbon dioxide from the body.
PARTS AND FUNCTION OF RESPIRATORY SYSTEM:-
NOSTRILS:
Air is taken into the body through nostrils. It is lined by fine hair and mucus which helps to filter the air entering through it.
NASAL PASSAGE:
Air entering the nostrils leads to the nasal passage. It is mainly responsible for conditioning the air.
PHARYNX:
The nasal chamber opens into the pharynx. It passes air to the larynx.
LARYNX:
It is located in the neck region and in front of the trachea. It also produces sound.
TRACHEA:
The air passes from the pharynx and goes into the trachea. Incomplete rings of cartilage keep trachea open allowing the passage of air to the lungs and also prevent it from collapsing when there is no air in it.
BRONCHI:
The trachea divides into two smaller tubes called bronchi after entering the thoracic cavity, which further extends into each lung.
BRONCHIOLES:
Bronchi are subdivided into smaller tubes called bronchioles. Each hole finally termimaterminatessny alveoli.
ALVEOLI:
These are ballon like structure located inside the lungs. A large number of alveoli increases the surface area for the exchange of gases. Human alveolar surface when spread can cover an area of 80m2.
RIBS:
These are 12 pairs of bones that form a cage in the thoracic region. Lungs and heart are safely placed in it. Movement of intercostal muscles attached to ribs helps in breathing.
LUNGS:
These are primary organs for respiration, which are located on the two sides of the heart. They transport O2 from the atmosphere enclosed by protective membranes called pleura.
DIAPHRAGM:
It is a muscular petition thorax and abdomen and fos those chest cavity. During inhalation, it flattens and increases chest cavity so that air is sucked into the lungs, while it relaxes during exhalation.
MECHANISM OF GASEOUS EXCHANGE IN HUMANS
Human beings take in oxygen from the atmosphere and release carbon dioxide in return(expiration). This complete process occurs in breathing. The mechanism for moving the oxygen and carbon dioxide out in human beings is termed as gaseous exchange.
It gets completed in three main steps as ...
1.. Inhalation
The process of taking in oxygen from the atmosphere.
2.. Exchange of Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide in alveoli
The walls of alveoli contain an extensive network of blood vessels. The sequence of exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide, which occurs between blood vessels and alveoli.
During the breathing cycle, when air is taken in and let out, the lungs always contain a residual volume of air. It provides sufficient time for oxygen to be absorbed and for carbon dioxide to be released.
3.. Exhalation
It is the process of giving out carbon dioxide from the lungs to the atmosphere.
Now I hope you understand both the term i.e respiration and breathing that how these both help to make our long life.
No comments:
Post a Comment