Summer learning in summer vacation whoever listened felt shocked it is important as Competition has increased so much in today world in every field e.g., Education, Technology, Creation, etc All person that is living in this world are tensed regarding there future and carriers.

SUMMER LEARNING: BEST UTILISATION OF SUMMER VACATION–




Due to the increase in the competition despite so much hard work children not getting a good result. Children get so much pressurised during the exam from teachers and parents children are committing suicide.

To make the mind fresh of children schools and colleges are giving summer vacation to there students. And in summer vacation children are used to twirling in cities and villages for amusement.

But now children also want to learn new thing to utilise their summer vacation in the most effective manner. Children used to learn something new like Painting, Sketching, Swimming, etc in which field they have an interest.

Summer Vacation is only a period where we can give time to practice our interest or follow our hobby, that's why summer vacation also is known as summer learning because in the summer vacation we have time to do something different apart from academic session.

 At school timing, children are busy in their school homework, tutors due to this they don't get time to learn apart from school and colleges books as education become so tough nowadays.

In summer vacation they can learn something different. This can be done by joining a summer camp which is organised in your city. In summer camp small children are guided in each and every activity such as swimming, dancing etc.

 Nowadays a lot of summer camp is organising for children due to increasing curiosity among children to learn something new and parents also want that children should utilise there time
in learning things and like to send their children to summer camp.

As a comparison to earlier where children are used to learning from relatives and friends. For small children summer camp is the best source of learning during summer vacation.

 However, it may be difficult for poor families to send their small children in a summer camp during summer vacation for learning as it involves huge cost. Children of a poor class family used to learn by there own on summer vacation.

However, it is not the only source to learn in today world. As now various new types of technology had developed we did not need to send children anywhere to learn.

Due to world best technology i.e. Internet through internet children can learn everything by watching YouTube video which they like.


There are a lot of videos of all the topic of the world in every 6500 languages of this world.

From YouTube not only children, in fact, their parents can also learn anything which they want at any time without hesitation of what outsiders will think with the help of YouTube in free of cost without incurring any cost only there is a requirement of internet and gadgets which we have to purchase.

Watching videos on YouTube to learn is mostly used by senior children as today generation children mostly did not like to go anywhere to learn.

So in this sense summer vacation proofs to be summer learning for everyone in this world. In this sense summer vacation proofs to be very beneficial for peoples of this world especially for children.

Now you are thinking that why we learn in summer vacation also as summer vacation is given for the amusement. For this to understand it is important to read the need for summer learning in summer vacation:–

NEED OF SUMMER LEARNING IN SUMMER VACATION||

This question is used to arrive in everybody head especially in children's small mind that what is a need to do summer learning in summer vacation.
This question comes also as the basic purpose of giving summer vacation is to make children mind refresh. As whole year children are giving their full concentration on the academic session.

Children are not getting an hour to learn something or to concentrate on co-curricular activities they are busy only on reading books of schools and colleges. So summer vacation is the best period where children can concentrate on co-curricular activities.

 By doing summer learning on summer vacation children get time to find their own talent and interest.

Doing summer learning in summer vacation does not mean that children will only learn in whole summer vacation, in fact, it means learning along with enjoyment. The main objective of summer vacation is sloppiness summer learning is only a part of summer vacation.

Now after knowing the need for summer learning in summer vacation, you might be thinking that what can we learn there are so many activities to do such as swimming, dancing, singing, cooking, painting, calligraphy, card making etc.,


Children's are not able to decide what to learn? how to decide what to learn?
as we cannot learn everything in a short period of summer vacation.

It is not a difficult task as every human being have an interest in something nobody is born without interest and talent in this world.

So children can utilise the whole summer vacation by following there a passion or interest like if you like cooking you can learn a new recipe in summer vacation from your mother or father or anyone or from YouTube through internet etc., similarly you only have to follow your passion for summer learning in summer vacation.

CONCLUSION:

As you know what is summer learning? what is need of summer learning in summer vacation?

Now I want to conclude by saying that children get summer vacation by school and colleges not only for enjoyment like twirling, playing etc.,
but also so that children can give time to developing their skills.

 So that children utilise this vacation for assimilating something new. By utilising the holiday in the most efficient manner children get to know their potential in the field they have an interest.

 And also they have different types of sources from they can learn in the way they want i.e children to use that source in which they feel more comfortable or in which they are able to understand like if you do not like to use the internet you can learn from your relatives or neighbours or by joining a summer camp.

 So in that way summer learning proofs to be the best learning for children who are curious to learn or to do some creativity.

Life is totally changed because due to a change in living style and thinking of people of this world. Life is totally shifted from technical learning to digital learning.

—DIGITAL LEARNING AND TECHNOLOGY


So what do you mean by the word digital learning. Digital learning means learning digitally which means learning through internet i.e online learning and with the help of mobiles, tablets, computers and laptops etc and different types of technologies which have contemporarily developed.

Digital learning also includes offline learning through local software and digital cameras.

We all are very well acquainted with many different types of gadgets. For us, these gadgets are becoming a part of our life as they are very much useful for us.

We could not walk anywhere without grasping a phone with us.  As phones are used for talking with everyone to whom we want anytime anywhere, chatting through various apps such as WhatsApp, messenger, Instagram and many more such social media

Gadgets are also useful for amusement like for watching different movies, listening songs, playing games and etc these are very limited uses which we know there are many more uses which is very beneficial for us i.e. we can learn everything that we want. And also any person can learn anything with the help of these techniques.

Digital learning is not limited to only a few countries but its use spread in the whole world.  However, it is different only few peoples know about digital learning through different types of gadgets.

The persons know how to use phones but not know in what sense this phonecan be used so it is important to spread this use of different types of gadgets. As people know that phones are used for enjoyment but not know that we can also use it for educational purpose.

There are many sources for different types of study in digital learning from where we can study and take the knowledge like for understanding the topics students can search in Youtube for watching videos i.e. related to topics and for taking the notes we can search in Google.



Maybe some person shocked from listening that Youtube can also use for educational purposes. Youtube is not only included amusement. So now you understand that it is very important to spread awareness regarding digital education.

Digital learning can be usedd in many ways in the classroom of schools and colleges is also used for when you are self-study in your home.

• Get an interactive whiteboard for your classroom.

• Use online lectures to know about any topics.

• Students can play Quiz games to increase their knowledge.

• Teachers can show videos regarding any chapters which explain in schools.

• Students can read articles regarding any topic from different websites which is available on Google.

• Students can participate in online educational application.

• Schools and colleges should set extra markss in every classroom.

• Students can personally communicate to online experts through WhatsApp for any hesitancy(doubt) regarding any types of carcass(questions).

Now you all are thinking that why we learn digitally or what is a need to learn digitally if we can learn technically also. So for this to understand is predominant to see the significance of Digital Learning and Technology.

SIGNIFICANCE OF DIGITAL LEARNING AND TECHNOLOGY:

The following are the basic significance of digital learning and technology are:–

1. In digital learning,, we had not exigency(need) to spend more money
i.e digital learning does not involve huge cost.

2. We can study while traveling also through digital learning with the help of a a mobile phone.

3. Digital learning increases the interest in education.

4. Online tutors cannot do any discrimination among students.

5 The same course is available.

6. Digital learning gives extra knowledge as a comparison to technical learning.

ADVANTAGES OF DIGITAL LEARNING AND TECHNOLOGY:

Some of the few advantages of digital learning and technology are:–

• Students are used to hesitate to ask any question or doubt from a teacher in a classroom but through digital learning, student can ask any doubt number of times without any hesitation.
• We do not have to depend on time to take education. It depends on the person he/she can take education anytime he wants.
• Students are fearless from tutors of digital learning which is not in case of classroom teachers.
• Digital learning is time inexpensive.
• We are independent to learn anytime as we did not dependent on teachers personally to teach.
• We do not need to buy costly references as we can study in gadgets by downloading a Portable Document Format (PDF) of those references.

DISADVANTAGES OF DIGITAL LEARNING AND TECHNOLOGY:

The word motivation is used to mean to induce someone or themselves and the source of motivation is divided into two parts:


 But this is also not impossible we can motivate our own soul also like we use to motivate others by saying that you can not do anything, you are nothing in front of me, I am more knowledgeable than you etc and all and all.
By saying this not only others are motivated in fact we were also get motivated because we are also like others who used to fall in traps spread by us only.

You know one thing that self–motivation is the best motivation in this world. By motivating ourselves we can do anything that we want, we desire.

We do not need to depend on others to get motivation.

To get self–motivated one thing you have to do is to think that you are always wrong in anything it means to have to think opposite of you are or you can abuse yourself by saying that you are good for nothing, you are vain, you are dimwit etc and all and all.

By saying this all the things you automatically feel motivated from inside and

along with you also have to think of others who have done great work in there real life as you can think of your surroundings, your teachers, the big one is your parents, you can think of your ideal person whoever is in your life.

After doing all these things you feel motivated and this is you achieved your target or aim or goal whatever you used to call.

You can also go for: How to increase height?

                I am not joking this
works a lot. I am a big example of this trick. I only give birth to this trick to get motivation and it works also its unbelievable for me it does not work for only one time, in fact, it works 100 times or more than of.

       To get self–motivated you
only have to feel from inside you will not motivated if you will not feel it and once you get motivated you will not have to do by your own anything all will happen automatically like magic....

Yes, trust me it happens Ok you will get to know when it happens with you. You will think it like magic only when it will happen to you then see this will let you wholly change in your life.

          I know it is not easy to
say like that to ourselves but nothing is impossible in this world do not stop to try it may fail one time, two times, three times but it will surely work.

To motivate himself you need only will to do the things required to do to motivate themselves.

But once you motivate themselves nobody will stop you to motivate ourselves.

       After you learned how to motivate themselves? you can teach others also to motivate themselves.

Now you are thinking that what is a need to motivate themselves? As a lot of people's are there to motivate us so why we need to motivate themselves?

So it is a very common question it should come in everybody mind also one of the main reason is that some person is there who does not like to listen to others so for that person it is important that they know to motivate themselves.

And some person is used to live alone or some person did not like to talk with others so for that type of person also there is need to know how to motivate themselves?

Difference between motivation and demotivation:–

As explained above that motivation is used to mean to induce someone or themselves while demotivation is just contrast to motivation as it is used to mean to dissuade someone or themselves.

There are various means to motivate a person for example: If parents want to motivate their child then they can motivate by offering some chocolates, dresses, sweets, etc., while in the case of demotivation there is a no means as most of the people in this world used to demotivate more than motivate and the one major difference is a lot of time and efforts are needed to motivate as a comparison to demotivate a persons.

So everybody only wants motivation no person wants demotivation either it is given by others or by themselves because motivation gives us the spirit to do everything that we want while demotivation will not let to do anything.

So it is better to motivate themselves and others also instead of demotivating because when you will demotivate others you also itself feel demotivated and you will not able to do anything when the time will come of motivating themselves.

CONCLUSION:

So, at last, I want to free you by saying that there is very much importance of motivation in our life as motivation let us do everything or anything that we want or anything that we are not able to do whether the motivation is by others or by themselves.

However, it is a different thing that sometimes we get demotivated also either by others or by themselves when something bad happened in our life that we don't like. At the when we feel demotivated the only thing to do is to ignore that thought and should think positive. By doing this you will again feel motivated.

So I think you understand that how can a person also be motivated by himself. I think it is a very unique way that I told you than others are usually used to say it is different because it is based on experience and it is only difficult for one time not for all time whenever you think.

 I hope that this article is
helpful for you and you get for why you came here Many other articles are also there like that are also available in my blog.

Nationalism spreads when people begin to believe that they are all part of the same nation when they discover some unity that binds them together.

 THE SENSE OF COLLECTIVE BELONGING—

Notice how Bal Gangadhar tilak is surrounded by symbols of unity. The sacred institutions of different faiths(temple, church, masjid) frame the central figure.

But how did the nation become a reality in the minds of people? How did people belonging to different communities, region or language groups develop a sense of collective belonging?

This sense of collective belonging came partly through the experience of united struggles.

But there were also a variety of cultural processes through which nationalism captured people's imagination.

History and fiction, folklore and songs, popular prints and symbols, all played a part in the making of nationalism.

The identity of the nation, as you know, is most often symbolised in a figure or image. This helps create an image with which people can identify the nation.

It was in the twentieth century, with the growth of nationalism, that the identity of India came to be visually associated with the image of Bharat Mata.

The image was first created by Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay. In the 1870s he wrote 'Vande Mataram' as a hymn to the motherland. Later it was included in his novel Anandamath and widely sung during the Swadeshi movement in Bengal.

Moved by the Swadeshi movement, Abinndranath Tagore painted his famous image of Bharat Mata.

The mother figure here is shown as dispensing learning, food and clothing. The mala in one hand emphasises her ascetic quality. Abanindranath Tagore, like Ravi Varma before him, tried to develop a style of painting that could be seen as truly Indian.

In this painting Bharat Mata is portrayed as an ascetic figure; she is calm, composed, divine and spiritual.

In subsequent years, the image of Bharat Mata acquired many different forms, as it circulated in popular prints, and was painted by different artists. Devotion to this mother figure came to be seen as evidence of one's nationalism.

Ideas of nationalism also developed through a movement to revive Indian folklore.

In late nineteenth-century India, nationalists began recording folk tales sung by bards and they toured villages to gather folk songs and legends.

These tales, they believed, gave a true picture of traditional culture that had been corrupted and damaged by outside forces. It was essential to preserve this folk tradition in order to discover one's national identity and restore a sense of pride in one's past.

In Bengal, Rabindranath Tagore himself began collecting ballads, nursery rhymes and myths and led the movement for folk revival.

In Madras, Natesa Sastri published a massive four-volume collection of Tamil folk tales, The Folklore of Southern India. He believed that folklore was national literature; it was 'the most trustworthy manifestation of people's real thoughts and characteristics'.

As the national movement developed, nationalist leaders became more and more aware of such icons and symbols in unifying people and inspiring in them a feeling of nationalism.

During the Swadeshi movement in Bengal, a tricolour flag(red, green, yellow)was designed. It had eight lotuses representing eight provinces of British India, and a crescent moon, representing Hindus and Muslims.

By 1921, Gandhiji had designed the Swaraj flag. It was again a tricolour(red, green and white)and had a spinning wheel in the centre representing the Gandhian ideal of self-help. Carrying the flag, holding it aloft, during marches became a symbol of defiance.

Another means of creating a feeling of nationalism was through a reinterpretation of history.

By the end of the nineteenth century many Indians began feeling that to instil a sense of pride in the nation, Indian history had to be thought about differently. The British saw Indians as backward and primitive, incapable of governing themselves.

In response, Indians began looking into the past to discover India great achievements.

They wrote about the glorious developments in ancients times when art and architecture, science and mathematics, religion and culture, law and philosophy, crafts and trade had flourished.

This glorious time, in their view, was followed by a history of decline, when India was colonised. These nationalist histories urged the readers to take pride in India's great achievements in the past and struggle to change the miserable conditions of life under British rule.

These efforts to unify people were not without problems. When the past being glorified was Hind hen the images celebrated were drawn from Hindu iconography, then people of other communities felt left out.

CONCLUSION:

Growing anger against the colonial government was this bringing together various groups and classes of Indians into a common struggle for freedom in the first half of the twentieth century.

 The Congress under the leadership of Mahatma Gandhi tried to channel people's grievances into organised movements for independence. Through such movement, the nationalist tried to forge national unity.

 But as we have seen, diverse groups and classes participated in these movements with varied aspirations and expectations. As their grievances we're wide-ranging, freedom from colonial rule also meant different things to different people.

Congress continuously attempted to resolve differences, and ensure that the demands of one group did not alienate another.

This is precisely why the unity within the movement often broke down. The high points of Congress activity and nationalist unity we're followed by phases of disunity and inner conflict between groups.

In other words, what was emerging as a nation with many voices wanting freedom from colonial rule.

I hope this article is benefitted to you i.e. this article gave you for what you came for.

Many people got worried about the efforts of the novel on readers who were taken away from their real surroundings into an imaginary world where anything could happen.

WOMEN AND THE NOVEL–



Some of them wrote in newspapers and magazines, advising people to stay away from the immoral influence of novels. Women and children were often singled out for such advice: they were seen as easily corruptible.

Some parents kept novels in the lofts of their houses, out of children's reach. Young people often read them in secret. This passion was not limited only to the youth.

Older women-some of whom could not read-listened with fascinated attention to popular Tamil novels read out to them by their grandchildren-a nice reversal of the familiar grandma's tales!

But women did not remain mere readers of stories written by men; soon they also began to write novels. In some languages, the early creations of women were poems, essays or autobiographical pieces.
In the early decades of the twentieth century, women in south India also began writing novels and short stories.

A reason for the popularity of novels among women was that it allowed for a new conception of womanhood. Stories of love-which was a staple theme of many novels-showed women who could choose or refuse their partners and relationships.

It showed women who could to some extent control their lives. Some women author also wrote about women who changed the world of both men and women.
Rokeya Hossein(1880-1932) was a reformer who, after she was widowed, started a girl's school in Calcutta.



She wrote a satiric fantasy in English called Sultana's Dream(1905) which shows a topsyturvy world in which women take the place of men.

Her novel Padmarag also showed the need for women to reform their condition by their actions. It is not surprising that many men were suspicious of women writing novels or reading them.

This suspicion cut across communities. Hannah Mullens, a Christian missionary and the author of Karuna o phulmonior Bibaran(1852), reputedly the first novel in Bengali, tells her readers that she wrote in secret. In the twentieth century, Sailabala Ghosh Jaya, a popular novelist, could only write because her husband protected her.

As we have seen in the case of the south, women and girls were often discouraged from reading novels.

CASTE PRACTICES,'LOWER–CASTES' AND MINORITIES

As you have seen, Indulekha was a love story. But it was also about an issue that was hotly debated at the time when the novel was written. This concerned the marriage practices of upper-caste Hindus in Kerala, especially the Nambuthiri Brahmins and the Nayars.

Nambuthiris were also major landlords in Kerala at that time, and a large section of the Nayars were their tenants.

In late-nineteenth-century Kerala, a younger generation of English-educated Nayar men who had acquired property and wealth on their own began arguing strongly against Nambuthiri alliances with Nayar women.

They wanted new laws regarding marriage and property.

The story of indulekha is interesting in light of these debates. Suri Nambuthiri, the foolish landlord who comes to marry indulekha, is the focus of much satire in the novel.

The intelligent heroine rejects him and chooses Madhavan, the educated and handsome Nayar as her husband, and the young couple moved to madras, where Madhavan joins the civil services.

Suri Nambuthiri, desperate to find a partner for himself, finally marries a poorer relation from the same family and goes away pretending that he has married Indulekha!

Chandu Menon clearly wanted his readers to appreciate the new values of his hero and heroine and criticise the ignorance and immorality of Suri Namboothiri Novels like Indirabai and Indulekha were written by members of the upper castes and were primarily about upper-caste characters. But not all novels were of this kind.

Potheri Kunjambu, a lower-caste' writer from north Kerala, wrote a novel called Saraswativijiyam in 1892, mounting a strong attack on caste oppression.

This novel shows a young man from an 'untouchable' caste leaving his village to escape the cruelty of his Brahmin landlord. He converts to Christianity, obtains modern education, and returns as the judge in the local court. Meanwhile, the villagers, thinking that the landlord's men had killed him, file a case.

At the conclusion of the trial, the judge reveals his true identity, and the Nambuthiri repents and reforms his ways. Saraswativijayam stresses the importance of education for the upliftment of the lower castes.
From the 1920s, in Bengal too a new kind of novel emerged that depicted the lives of peasants and low castes.

Advaita Malla Burman's(1914-51) Titash Ekti Nadir Naam(1956) is an epic about the Mallas, a community of fisherfolk who live off fishing in the river Titash. The novel is about three generations of the Mallas, about their recurring tragedies and the story of Ananta, a child born of parents who were tragically separated after their wedding night.

Ananta leaves the community life of the Mallas in great detail, their Holi and Kali Puja festivals, boat races, Bhatia songs, their relationships of friendship and animosity with the peasants and the oppression of the upper castes.

Slowly the community breaks up and the Mallas start fighting amongst themselves as new cultural influences from the city start penetrating their lives. The life of the community and that of the river is intimately tied. Their end comes together: as the river dries up, the community dies too.

While novelists before Burman had featured'low' castes as their protagonists, Titash is special because the author is himself from a 'low-caste', fisherfolk community.
Over time, the medium of the novel made room for the experiences of communities that had not received much space in the literary scene earlier.

Vaikkom Muhammad Basheer(1980-94), for example, was one of the early Muslim.writers to gain wide renown as a novelist in Malayalam.

Basheer had little formal education. Most of his works were based on his own rich personal experience rather than on books from the past.

When he was in class five at school, Basheer left home to take part in Salt Satyagraha. Later he spent years wandering in different parts of India and travelling even to Arabia, working in a ship, living with Sufis and Hindu sanyasis, and training as a wrestler.

Basheer"s short novels and stories were written in the ordinary language of conversation.  With wonderful humour, Basheer's novels spoke about details from the everyday life of Muslim households.

He also brought into Malayalam writing themes which were considered very unusual at that time-poverty, insanity and life in prisons.

Tense is defined as the form of a verb that gives the relation between Time and Action. Time is the duration of work and action is the work done. Tense gives the time when the action is done.

There are three phases of time...

(i) Present (time that is now)

(ii) Past (time that has passed)

(iii) Future (time that is yet to come)

Let's consider the sentence...........

(a) Hari eats a mango. (Present)

(b) Hari will eat mango. (Future)

(c) Hari ate a mango. (Past)

We can observe that each sentence given above has a different meaning. The reason is that each sentence has a different form of the verb. These different forms of verbs are called tenses. The tense of a verb shows the time of an action or the state of being.

CLASSIFICATION OF TENSE:

There are three types of tenses—

* Present Tense
* Past Tense
* Future Tense

Each tense is further divided into four forms.

PRESENT TENSE–

• Indefinite
• Continuous
• Perfect
• Perfect Continuous

PAST TENSE–

• Indefinite
• Continuous
• Perfect
• Perfect Continuous

FUTURE TENSE–

• Indefinite
• Continuous
• Perfect
• Perfect Continuous

PRESENT TENSE:

(Present Indefinite Tense)

(Also Called Simple Present Tense)

This tense is used in the following ways.


For Example: If you do not earn money, you will not buy the house.